20 元月, 2009 18:06
20 元月, 2009 18:01
12 元月, 2009 14:47
12 元月, 2009 09:24
有關介紹Prometric註冊考試流程見下文
如何註冊?
1.請聯繫當地考場。考場信息詳情請點擊此處。
2.如果您有美金信用卡(Visa, MasterCard等),100%免費的考試券(Voucher)或優惠折扣號(Promotion Code),或者您要參加的考試是免費的,請登錄WWW.PROMETRIC.COM自行註冊考試。 (注:在網站上用美金信用卡註冊考試的,如需發票,需在網站自己的考試歷史記錄裡面打印英文的receipt或請考場通過註冊軟件打印。)
註冊時需要提供什麼信息?
您需要提供以下的信息進行註冊:
您參加考試時所攜帶的有效證件上的姓名;
您的Prometric考試號(Prometric Candidate ID):是您第一次參加考試時由Prometric分配給每個考生的唯一的考試號。在您參加第一次考試之前,考場管理員會告訴您該考試號。以後再參加考試時,您必須提供此考試號。如果沒有正確使用Prometric考試號,將會延誤您收到證書。
電子郵件:這是我們首選的聯繫方式,同時也是很多考試廠商的要求。
聯繫電話:如果出現問題,我們會用此電話號碼與您聯繫。
郵寄地址:請提供您接收證書的地址。
考試信息:請提供您希望註冊考試的廠商名稱,考試名稱和考試號。
考試安排:您希望參加考試的日期。
付款方式:您的付款方式會因註冊方式的變化而不同。通常情況下,您需要將考試費、考試優惠券或折扣號提供給考場。網上註冊需要輸入信用卡卡號及有效期等信息
註冊時都有哪些付款方式?
1.如果通過考場註冊,考試費的付款方式取決於您當地考場的要求,詳情請諮詢考場。通常有如下方式:現金,銀行轉帳,考試券(Voucher),優惠折扣號(Promotion Code)及支票等。請提前與考場聯繫,了解有效的付款方式。
2.如果您是網上註冊,請準確輸入您的信用卡信息。
註冊要求:
註冊考試的有效期為從註冊日起一年有效。超過一年沒有參加考試,考試費不會退還考生。
考試券(Voucher)和優惠折扣號(Promotion Code)使用要求:
所有的考試優惠券和優惠折扣號會在註冊時確認。使用考試優惠券註冊的考試必須在優惠券或折扣號截至日前完成考試。優惠截至日之前沒有完成考試,該考試費用不會返還考生。
註冊時預約時間、參加考試的時間及更改取消的規定是什麼?
理解並且遵守以下的規定是您的責任。如果您沒有遵守以下的任何一條規定將會導致您損失考試費。
預約考試:您的考試時間可以預約在12週以內。 (網上註冊為8週)
參加考試:您應該在約定的考試時間至少提前10分鐘到達考場。同時需攜帶有效證件到考場參加考試。如果您不能提供有效的證件,考場管理員有權不允許您參加考試並且考試費不能返還。網上更改必須提前一天完成。
更改取消:請保證及時與考場取得聯繫。在考場工作時間內,至少提前一個工作日。如果您沒有在最後期限內通知考場,考試費不能返還。如果您要求再次註冊同一門考試,需要重付考試費。網上取消必須提前一天完成。
非常感謝您選擇Prometric參加考試,如果您還有其他問題請發電子郵件:
主發: chinareg@prometric.com;抄送: reg.aptc@prometric.net.cn
祝您考試順利!
10 元月, 2009 10:50
ID Policies in China for IT clients: effective from Jan. 21, 2005
To be admitted to the Test Center, examinees must bring two forms of unexpired identification as positive proof of identity. One must be included in 1st IDs, which bears a recent photograph and printed name; both must contain the seal of the issuance entity.
Examples of acceptable forms of 1st photo identification include:
National ID
居民身份證
Passport
護照
Military identification
軍官證
Driver license
駕駛證
Examples of acceptable forms of 2nd identification include:
Register record of resident/citizen
戶口本
Employee of Foreign Enterprises Identification card
外企僱員證
Employee working card with seal on the photograph,foreigner’s residence permit, Hongkong&Macou citizen’s return permit, Hongkong&Macau pass permit, foreigner’s working permit
有公司印章和照片的工作證,外國人居留證,港澳居民回鄉證,往來港澳通行證,外國人工作許可證
Student card with seal on the photograph
有學校公章和照片的學生證
Valid identification Introduction letter with seal on the paper from company HR department, Police Station, personnel files storage agency, university/institute/school, or government street office, containing the information of Chinese name, English name, the relationship with the letter issuance department , and national ID number, etc.
介紹信:任職公司人事部,戶籍所在地派出所,檔案所在地人才交流中心,街道辦事處,或者就讀的學校等開具的個人身份證明信。該介紹信上應由本人中、英文名字、身份證號碼和與開具介紹信的單位的關係說明及單位公章。
Credit card
個人信用卡(非銀行借記卡)
Social welfare cards
社會保險卡或醫療社會保險手冊
Unemployment insurance cashing card
失業保險領取證/卡
Certificate of disability
殘疾人證明
Education Diploma with seal on the photograph
學業畢業證書(有本人照片和學校印章)
09 元月, 2009 13:45
CCNA、CCNP認證;再認證報考須知

CCNA 考試費用:單門250美金; 考試時間:任意時間 考試地點:VUE考試中心 證書期限:CCNA認證期限為三年 重認證:在CCNA的有效期內,凡任意加考一門【642】開頭<CCNP的考試就是以642開頭的的考試>,可自動刷新有效期(以新考日期為準); 但超過CCNA的有效期就必須要重新考CCNA的考試。 方向:網絡管理及實施,網絡性能優化 職位:網絡管理員,系統集成工程師,銷售 能力:服務中小型企業,調試維護小型局域網廣域網
CCNP 考試費用:單門150美金,其中【642-892】考試費為300美元。 考試時間:任意時間 考試地點:VUE考試中心 證書期限:CCNP認證的有效期為三年 重認證:須通過一門【642-892】的考試或者CCIE筆試均可 方向:網絡管理及實施,網絡性能優化、安全設計 職位:網絡工程師,系統集成工程師,網絡維護工程師 能力:設定主幹路由協議利用多層交換技術建立園區網絡環境安裝配置CISCO設備並進行故障診斷和排錯
08 元月, 2009 11:57
一網絡工程師在英國的面試經歷
今年9月份IT碩士畢業,7月底的時候HSMP通過了,以LP的名義申請的,我是dependant。這是個好消息,意味著我今後找工作可以不必為身份問題發愁了。
8月初搬家,LP的當月工資被花的差不多了,經濟有點緊張,我也必須很快找到工作才行。另外岳母要在這裡做個手術,花費大約4千鎊,雖然薄有積蓄,但我不喜歡帳面上的負增長,感覺壓力大。
LP在這裡作法律,英國人的所,作比較大的商業房地產,待遇還好,23千。可是家裡上有老,下有小,我一個大老爺們被LP養著也實在說不過去。 (順便向來到UK的中國女性致敬!我遇到的都是這樣獨立自主,自尊自強,敢闖敢干的英雌,比好多男人更能吃苦。。。感佩中。。。)
我在國內就是做網絡工程師的,雖然專業不是這個,但也乾了8、9年了,一開始就是網絡服務,後來主要做Cisco和Juniper的網絡設備,規劃、實施、維護等。專業證書不值一提,CCNP和MCSE(這兩個證書在國內都臭大街了,沒准給你們辦公室送水的那個小伙兒比我還多幾個呢),也就是年頭早點而已。本來是準備考CCIE或者JUNCIP的,培訓班都參加了,二手設備也買了,不過因出國也暫時放棄了。
新家安頓好之後,就開始著手找工作的準備。其實真正的準備從6月份就開始了,把手上的專業書籍全部看了一遍,大概有20多本,以前的工作也回憶總結了一下,自己做了些筆記備查。寫CV,其實就是把原來國內的簡歷翻譯一遍,再按照英國的這種順序整理一下,很粗略。然後上網站上搜索相關的vacancy,參照著人家習慣的名詞、語法、語序等把自己的CV改一遍,以求首先英國人能看懂。順便把自己拿手的、人家也需要的技能羅列出來。這是因為聽說這裡的中介看CV是關鍵詞搜索,符合該職位需求的才看,不符合就扔了。自己想想也是,vacancy一放出去,成千上百份CV飛過來,每一份都通讀一遍是不可能的,中介的時間就是錢啊!每個月也有quota要完成,不然怎麼保證工資啊?能保證一個月成功的賣出幾個人才行,沒時間浪費的。所以要是換了我,即使不是電腦搜索也是大腦裡在關鍵詞搜索,來保證效率。
另外這樣寫CV,也能清楚直白地表明自己能做什麼,如果通篇都是教育背景之類的東西,反正我沒耐心看下去。
CV都是我寫好,讓LP給檢查一遍,她做法律,英文比我好太多。
上CWjob、reed、monster註冊,把CV放上去,然後就是躲在沙發上激動地等電話或者竄來竄去上電腦看email。還好,上午放上去,下午就有中介打電話或者發mail問俺要CV了。 (納了悶了,我設定的是中介可以瀏覽或者下載的啊?)按要求發過去,有中介打電話開始跟我談面試的事了。
還是沒信心,先跟一家中國的公司敲定了面試(呵呵,這家是我在報紙上看到直接聯繫的,無中介參與),另一家英國公司的放在後面,期間隔了一天。中國公司的就算熱身吧,很久沒有面試過了,得重新熟悉一下才行,給自己點信心先。
中國的我就不談了,呵呵。 。 。總之一團糟,是他們糟不是我糟。 。 。 。本來也沒抱什麼希望,也就這樣了。
細心準備這家英國公司的面試。職位是Senior Network
Engineer,中介已經把職位詳細描述給俺了,看幾遍之後用一天時間把相關的書突擊一遍,看看筆記。中介不錯,專門給了一個短文,裡面各種小Tip,幫面試者一條條準備,建立信心。俺又上了這家公司的網站,大致了解一下他們開展的業務等,爭取多了解一些,同時也準備了一些相應的方案,投其所好。
第二天去面試,路很遠,俺是坐了火車坐地鐵,坐了地鐵坐火車,出了車站再走路。反正是把倫敦郊區的風景看了一遍,感覺不錯,沒有被無良地產商拿去做高爾夫球場或者別墅。 。 。呵呵
到了門前還是有點緊張,把事先準備好的詞又背了幾遍才敢進去。 Receptionist是個和藹的老小姐,問清來意後就讓我坐等,我比約好的時間早了大概20分鐘。
然後就是經理把我帶上去,進了個小會議室。俺偷偷打量一下公司規模,還不錯,就是不知道實際工作環境怎麼樣。
經理先開始,公司介紹,職位介紹等。 。 。 。然後就是我簡單自我陳述。 。 。經理拿著俺的CV,一條條詳細問,俺逐條應答。再就是我以前做過的項目,一個個畫著圖寫些簡單配置給他看。這些都完了之後,經理再介紹一下他們現有的設備條件,網絡覆蓋區,開展的業務範圍,讓我簡單了解一下之後,給幾個客戶需求讓我設計方案,同時還要解答,並指出優劣之處。我很快都做完了,他開始就方案不停地提問。 。 。 。
這些結束後,問我薪金要求,我大而化之地說了個30到35千,他不置可否。又開始問我個人愛好、生活習慣、家庭狀況、今後個人發展方向之類的閒話。一直談的很好,氣氛很活躍,他說了好幾次“這就是我要找的人”之類的話,讓俺受寵若驚。面試結束後,他請了一個工程師帶俺去機房看設備,並說等完了再回辦公室跟他談談。俺的心一下子激動起來,忙不迭地答應。心想我不會這麼幸運吧?第一次就hit了? !看這情形十有八九啊!要不然讓我看設備幹什麼啊?俺又不是收廢舊電器的。
興沖沖地看完設備,出了機房。沒想到那工程師直接就把我送出了大門!俺納了悶,問那工程師怎麼回事?不是讓我看完了就回辦公室談話麼?那老兄一臉茫然,說:“我不知道啊,我得到的消息就是讓你看完設備就送你出去啊!”
唉,不好再爭論,say
bye之後我垂頭喪氣地出了大門,路上越想越鬱悶,LP來電話問情況,我都不知道該怎麼說,我也不知道到底怎麼回事啊!
回家之後大家都幫我分析,覺得還有戲,可能中間有什麼誤會也說不定。我強打精神給中介寫了個email,匯報進展,同時給那個經理也發了個感謝的mail。
第二天早上中介來電話,說跟對方通過話,人家對我印象非常好,認為我知識豐富、技術紮實等等,不過我可能還得再參加一次面試(second)。
有了這話我就放心多了,看來我的水平還沒有下降,表達也將就。剩下就是準備這家第二次面試同時也別放棄別家的機會。
期間又有很多中介打電話聯繫不表。 。 。 。
下午這家公司直接打電話過來,問我對面試的感受、公司的印像等等,我都讚美了一番,最後正式通知我參加二次面試。
。 。 。 。 。 。
二次面試過後,人家還是沒有給我任何結果,這又讓我鬱悶一次。他們只是面無表情地說第二天會通知中介,讓我等著。我神色灰敗地走出來,給LP打電話,她同樣也覺得情形不樂觀,這次居然連工資什麼的都沒問,十有八九是沒戲了。
其實面試過程中感覺還很好,只是剛開始的時候有些緊張。小會議室裡面一個主管網絡運行的經理、三個工程師圍著我發問,長得又是五顏六色的,能不緊張嗎?況且本來以為是實際操作,昨天一直都在作相關的準備,沒想到今天會是這樣的場景。心裡壓力更大了,誰知道他們會問些什麼啊?
結結巴巴回答完第一個問題之後,心裡才開始有些底氣了。後來連珠炮般的問題也都抵擋過去,理論、規劃、實踐、運營、策略、維護。 。 。等等,幾乎全都問到了,讓我接連設計了十幾個方案,還要讓我指出其中的優劣。尤其那個負責Customer
Service的工程師,設想了N個場景,問題刁的簡直都讓俺快吐血了。 。 。還好我憑著經驗,兵來將擋,水來土屯,絞盡腦汁都解決了,速度也很快。不知不覺兩個半小時就過去了,我出了一身臭汗。
期間那個經理看來對我印像還很好,笑著對其他人說,這是個好人,總是為公司著想。 。 。因為我設計的那些方案,分析優劣的時候總要考慮運營商的利益所在。後來俺偷偷地問一個工程師總共見過幾個應聘的,他說見了N個,不過這回二次面試就只有我一個。這些加起來應該就是個好兆頭了,可是面試結束後,俺又像第一次那樣,被客氣地送出來了,沒有任何結果。 。 。
回家的路上,俺買了三瓶大可樂,狂灌。 。 。管他結果如何,先解解渴再說,我的嗓子都乾了。小鎮的風景很美,也很安靜,只可惜這裡也許不會屬於我。
火車上人不少,中介打電話過來問結果,俺如實說了。中介說其實第一次的時候經理就對我的技術非常滿意,只是擔心我的英語,怕交流起來有問題。 。 。嗚嗚,看來這是我的致命傷啊!平時還好,要真是工作中面對那些稀奇古怪口音的客戶,我畢竟是個外國人啊,不敢保證真的能夠全部聽懂他們的需求。
唉,更加鬱悶了。 。 。
回到家裡,大家都來安慰我,可是我的心裡還是不能釋懷。這是我第一家公司的面試,我已經盡我所能,就這麼fail了實在是不甘心。可是不甘心又能如何?惟今之計只能是一邊等明天的消息,一邊再次用簡歷轟炸騷擾倫敦的中介們,爭取多來一點機會,只要天上不斷的掉餡餅,地上雖然人挺多,但總會有一個砸到我張得大大的嘴裡。 。 。呵呵,只要我一天沒找到工作,中介們也別想消停。
說好了第二天給中介消息,我惴惴不安地等了幾乎一天都沒有該中介的電話打來。期間倒是有幾次電話響了,我的小心臟撲通撲通跳著去接。可惜都是其他中介來電話說工作的事,雖然俺有點心不在焉,但也不敢疏忽大意,趕緊應付過去。家里人都陪著俺擔了一天的心,LP打了幾次電話回來問消息,最後也有些失望地說可能不行了,因為原先她也有過類似的經歷,面試感覺很好,可就此再無消息,就這樣結束了。我想可能也是這樣,算了,forget
it!重新開始job seeking吧。這次運氣不好,也許多來幾次,好運會就來了。
沒想到5點多中介來了電話,這都到了他都快下班的時候吧。又分析了一下我的優劣勢所在,又問了我的期望工資,就說跟人家聯繫去了,20分鐘後或者明天早上給我結果。這回我大著膽子提了個35千每年,心想反正我死豬不怕開水燙,不行拉倒,不過還是有點心虛地說低於此數也可以商量,中介淡淡地說盡量爭取吧。
20分鐘很難熬啊!不過這次中介倒沒有拖到第二天。電話一響,我趕緊接通並把音量開到最大,生怕漏過一個字去。
中介說,老John啊,首先告訴你一個好消息。 。 。
俺心頭狂喜,顫顫巍巍地問,結果是什麼啊?
中介停了一下說,嗯,人家同意給你這個offer了。 。 。
我差點把電話掉地上,就這麼,成了? ! !哈哈哈,狂笑中。 。 。
中介又說,不過還有一個壞消息。 。 。
俺一抖,是什麼啊?
心想,不管是什麼,俺只要有了這個工作,其他都沒問題。你儘管說吧,俺心臟強勁能承受任何打擊。
他說,你工資要35千是吧?
我連連稱是。
他說,可惜我沒法幫你了。 。 。
我下意識地問為什麼啊?
心想,這算什麼壞消息啊?少點少點吧,本來這次俺就獅子大開口了,就算打點折扣我也賺了。 。 。
他說,因為。 。 。 。因為我給你要了44千啊! ! !
。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。
。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。
我倒。 。 。爬起。 。 。狂呼! ! ! ! ! ! (全家狂喜/狂呼/流淚/擁抱中,把我寶貝兒子都嚇哭了,打生下來就沒見過這麼多神經病湊在一起過。)
後記:
找工作還是得靠中介,他們畢竟是職業做這個的,消息靈通、與敵作戰經驗豐富,了解對方底線,能夠幫助應聘者揚長避短,爭取最大利益。比如我這個工作,該公司網站上根本就沒有個空缺職位,招的都是些Sales之類的工作。另外工資的爭取與中介的努力是分不開的。
我對英國市場行情不了解,除了自己能幹什麼之外,一無所知。沒有中介,我不可能這麼快找到工作,最多也就是到炸雞店part time或者cleaner。這次從貼CV到正式拿到offer,不到兩個禮拜,而我和LP原來最樂觀的預想也是3個月。
所以,首先得讓自己通過中介這一關,把CV寫好,讓中介覺得值得去為之努力,他努力可比俺努力效率高多了。剩下的就全看自己的發揮了,運氣成分比較大。
集中回答一下:
1。我只在CV上寫了“References available upon request”,並沒有提供reference,另外從頭到尾沒有人問我要過這個。
2。中介是從我說的那三家網站上看到我求職的,至於具體他說的是哪一家,我想不起來了,只能說CWjob和monster的可能性比較大,因為印像中電話裡好像沒有人說起過reed。
3。那段短文如下:
GIVING A GOOD JOB INTERVIEW
You need to convince the interviewer that you are the best possible person for the job.
Before you enter the interview room, you are just another name on the list. Make sure that by the time you come out, yours is the only name on it.Stay calm, think clearly and don’t let tricky questions and being under pressure put you off your stride.
Preparation
Make sure you know exactly where the interview will take place, and the name and position of the person you are due to meet. Work out your route in advance and allow a generous margin of error in case of unforeseen circumstances.Have the telephone number of the company handy so
that you can let them know if you are running late as this is generally forgiven whereas unannounced lateness generally isn’t.
Find out approximately how long the interview will take and arrange other appointments accordingly – don’t leave your car on a meter and end up worrying more about being clamped than getting the job.
Research
Where we can, we include company information to help you prepare for your interview and give you a better understanding of the company and the work it produces. However, you may find that digging a little deeper alsoboosts your confidence at the interview.Being even a little knowledgeable demonstrates to the interviewer that you have gone to the trouble to see whether you’d fit into the team and make a successful ‘career’ out of the ‘job’. Make sure you ask intelligent questions but not of the “how much holiday?” variety!
Quiz yourself
Time and again interviewers ask the same general questions in additions to those of a more technical nature. Common are “Why are you interested in this position” “Tell me about your current boss”. “What are the most satisfying/frustrating things about your current employment? “What are your strengths/where do you think your weaknesses lie?” Why do you think we should give you the job?” “Where do you see yourself in 5-10 years time?” Learn them, prepare your answers, practice on friends.
Dress to impress
People shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, but they do, all the same. If you look untidy that's how you’ll be remembered and first impressions really do count. Always wear a suit and tie or neat skirt/dress and polish your shoes. Even if you are attending a second interview and you know the organisation allows less formal work dress, maintain a professional/formal approach, as you don’t know who you may happen to meet, the Managing Director perhaps!
It may sound obvious, but be civilised and remember your manners. Shake hands firmly with people you are are introduced to and when you leave. If you are offered a coffee say your pleases and thank yous, but keep it natural.
Be unaggressively assertive
Find the right tone in which to present your positive aspects. You have to talk about your
achievements to show you are the right person, but do it without being boastful. Under no circumstances should you spend a significant portion of the interview running down your current employer – this is viewed as negative.
Turn weaknesses into strengths
Don’t pretend you haven’t got any weaknesses because everyone has some. On the other hand, don’t do yourself down, because you could be talking your way out of a job. Discuss your weaknesses as though you have recognised them and strive to overcome them. “I used to have bad time management so now I prioritise my workload first thing every morning.” “I like to take control and be involved in everything. I sometimes find it hard to delegate but when I have, the results have been positive”.
If you lack technical strength in a particular area don’t try and ‘smokescreen’ but admit; “no, that isn’t my strongest suit, but I’m sure it’s not going to be a problem to pick up”.
Have a positive attitude
Above all, don’t wait until after the event to decide that you wish you’d tried harder to get the position. Always go in with the intention of getting an offer, only then do you really have the chance to weigh up how this opportunity compares with others. Many people, with the benefit of hindsight, have regretted they didn’t take a particular interview sufficiently
seriously. Don’t let yourself be in this ‘if only’ category!
Some worthwhile questions
Finally, if you are given the chance to ask questions you should always take it. It’s best to ask questions that fit naturally into the context of the interview, and there is obviously no benefit in asking a previously prepared question if the subject matter has
been adequately covered. It simply looks like you haven’t paid attention.
However, if inspiration fails you here are some suggestions which should give you the right impression:
? What is logical progression within the position, where can I expect to be if my erformance is good?
? What are the future plans for the company and department?
? What, in your opinion, are the major reasons why
07 元月, 2009 10:28
1軟交換技術簡介
軟交換技術採用分層的網絡架構,把傳統電路交換機的呼叫控制功能從媒體網關中分離出來,通過軟件實現連接控制、呼叫進程選擇、呼叫選路等呼叫控制功能。軟交換一方面,造就了網絡的融合,另一方面,軟交換採用了開放式應用程序接口(API),允許用戶在獨立於設備製造商的情況下,根據自己的需要在網絡中開發和引入新業務,這使得軟交換技術在綜合接入能力、業務提供、網絡管理、用戶認證、鑑權和計費等方面有明顯的優勢。在構建新一代網絡的同時,軟交換技術充分考慮到現有各種網絡的平滑過渡,集語音、數據、多媒體等業務為一體,真正實現業務的客戶定制化。通過軟交換融合的網絡具有開放性和可編程性的特點,而這也正是下一代網絡的發展方向。
2軟交換系統的配置
軟交換系統網絡中的配置大致可以分為功能配置、性能配置。功能配置的主要任務是確定係統中應包括那些設備,各種設備應實現何種功能。性能配置的主要任務是使系統中各個設備的功能得以充分發揮。本文中所討論的方案是在軟交換系統中設置一個Web配置服務器(如圖1示),實現允許系統管理員可以利用Web瀏覽器界面遠程對軟交換系統進行功能配置和性能配置,同時也為系統普通用戶提供Web方式的在線動態申請業務,個人定制以及計費信息查詢等功能。
本配置系統設計概要,系統管理員可以在網絡中任何一台計算機終端通過瀏覽器登入系統配置服務器,通過身份認證後,就可以對整個軟交換網絡進行配置管理(例如:系統網元參數及性能配置管理)和日常維護工作(例如:系統計費信息統計及查詢);而係統普通用戶(例如:可以是一台SIP話機的擁有者),可以利用本系統對所申請開通的各項業務(例如:長途電話功能,國際長途電話功能,語音信箱以及呼叫轉接等)進行動態更改管理。
3 J2EE技術簡介
J2EE技術體系結構中典型的多層應用模型分為四層:客戶層(Client Tier),一般為瀏覽器、applet或其他應用程序,客戶層普遍支持HTTP協議,因此也稱客戶代理;WEB應用層(WEB Tier),在J2EE中,這一層由WEB容器運行,包括JSP、Servlet等WEB部件;企業組件層(EJB Tier),這一層由EJB容器運行,支持EJB、JMS、JTA等服務和技術;企業信息系統層(EIS Tier),它包含企業內傳統信息系統如財務、CRM等,特點是有數據庫系統的支持。
目前應用框架主要集中在WEB應用層。在開發J2EE Web層時,通常採用MVC(Model-View-Controller)設計模式。
Struts是一個免費的Open Source的J2EE Web層的應用架構,它繼承了MVC的各項特性,包括框架類、幫助類和定制的JSP標籤庫,以及所有基於J2EE Model2設計模式的應用技術。 Struts的目標是要全面減輕構件一個企業級的Web應用的負擔。 Struts的特點是具有高可配置性和有一個不斷增長的特性列表,實現表現邏輯和模版組成了Struts的靈魂。
控制器(Controller)主要由ActionServlet類中的Servlet接受來自客戶端的請求,截取並分發這些請求到相應的動作類,另外控制器還負責用相應的請求參數填充ActionForm,並傳給動作類(Action )。動作類實現核心商業邏輯,它可以訪問JavaBean或者調用EJB。最後動作類會把控制權傳給後續的JSP文件生成視圖。所有控制邏輯都是利用Struts-config.xml文件配置的。
模型(Model)主要是以一個或者多個表示應用程序狀態的JavaBean的形式存在,這些Bean分為3類:Action Form、Action、JavaBean(或者EJB),根據不同請求從Action派生具體Action處理對象,調用由Bean構建的業務邏輯來處理這個對象,創建由ActionForm的派生類實現對客戶端表單數據的封裝。
視圖(View)主要由JSP建立,Struts自身包含了一組可擴展的自定義標籤庫(Taglib),可以簡化創建用戶界面的過程,這些標籤庫包括:Bean Tags、HTML Tags、Logic Tags以及Template Tags ,Struts框架通過這些自定義標記建立了View和Model之間的聯繫。
4應用J2EE技術實現Web方式的軟交換網絡配置管理系統
配置管理系統中各種應用程序的流程大致是相同的,首先系統管理員通過客戶端(web browser)提出請求,Servlet Filter過濾請求類型,如果是屬於Struts範圍的,將其轉交給控制器(Controller );控制器接收請求並根據Struts-config.xml中定義的映射規則將請求轉發,如果是需要ActionForm,將為其創建ActionForm的示例,並調用validate方法進行數據驗證,如果是不需要ActionForm的,比如鍊接請求,將直接調用Action的excute方法處理;如果處理的結果是成功的,Action將返回ActionForword對象,控制器再根據已定義的映射規則進行結果轉發並產生視圖(View),並返回給管理員確認本次操作請求的結果。
具體開發過程分為三步,首先,創建視圖(View),開發中使用JSP和Struts的標籤庫,關鍵在於根據軟件需求設計頁面和建立視圖和模型的關係。其次,定義控制器(Controller),核心是Struts-config.xml的配置,既是定義Servlet所截獲的用戶請求與ActionForm和Action映射規則。最後,設計模型(Model),根據軟件功能需求來設計所必須的相應的JavaBean,以滿足不同用戶請求的業務處理邏輯。
具體開發工作中,採用了Tiles技術和DynaActionForm類(Struts1.1中提出的)。 Tiles強大的模版功能能夠使頁面獲得最大的重用性和靈活性;利用DynaActionForm類可以不必創建一個個具體的ActionForm類,從而達到減少了ActionForm數目的目的。
5結束語
採用J2EE技術的Struts MVC框架模式來開發Web方式的軟交換系統配置管理系統,具有高性能、高可擴展性和高安全性的特點,該模式將業務邏輯和顯示頁面分離開來,簡化了系統的開發、管理和維護,提高了系統的開發效率,體現了J2EE體系卓越的技術優勢。
首先,必須經過系統的複習,這樣才能整體掌握知識內容。複習時要根據
考綱來複習,因為在1.4中IO和AWT不考,所以可以不復習。
考綱如下:
第一部分:聲明和訪問控制
第二部分:流程控制,斷言和異常處理
第三部分:垃圾收集
第四部分:語言基礎
第五部分:操作與賦值
第七部分:線程
第八部分:在java.lang包中的基礎類
第九部分:集合類框架
首先第一類考題是單选和多選兩種,還是挺人情化的哦,多選告訴你正確個數,正確率達到52%就pass了,在這裡我想推薦大家看thinkinginjava的3—10章,講得比較深刻,完全能應付考試。
java.lang的複習比較有難度
Math類中的abs,ceil,floor,max,min,random,round,sin,cos,tan,sqrt方法要能夠應用。
正確理解String類不可改變的意義。
當執行一段程序,中間包含有wrapper類的一個實例,知道它運行的前提條件運行結果。能用下面wrapper類(例如Integer,Double,等等)的方法來寫程序:
doublevalue,floatvalue,intvalue,longvalue,parseXxx,getXxx,toString,toHexString
大家可以通過查詢API來學習
2)選擇以下兩個題庫:
有2個題庫一定要做:
1.testKing(這個題庫大概有近300多題,慢慢做吧)
2.J@whiz考試模擬器上的題(大概有600多題,要有耐心地做)
基本上模擬器上的分數很接近你的scjp考試分數
其實這2個題庫的內容已經很接近考題了,掌握下來,考試是沒什麼問題了。只要大家有所付出,這些題目還是挺容易的。
06 元月, 2009 08:58
【賽迪網訊】12月24日消息,儘管出現了全球性經濟衰退,明年信息安全
將仍然是最重要的IT投資領域,因為安全威脅和缺陷越來越多了。
據國外媒體報導稱,下面是明年值得關注的十大安全技術和發展趨勢
:
1、端點安全定義的發展:有分析師稱反病毒軟件已經消亡,我持反對
意見,端點安全正在發展成不斷變化的安全解決方案中的一項功能,這正
是Sophos今年收購數據安全廠商Utimaco的原因。明年,傳統的反病毒、反
間諜件、防火牆軟件將與數據丟失預防、全磁盤加密融合。
2、更重視網絡安全:預計當選總統巴拉克·奧巴馬將在網絡安全方面
投入重金,在情報共享與執法方面與越來越多的國家展開合作。
3、日益嚴格的隱私法規:隱私權機構希望,新一屆政府將在明年及此
後的時間裡制定更廣泛的隱私保護法規。
4、雲安全:明年,可管理安全服務將迎來大發展。許多組織缺乏對付
日益狡猾的犯罪分子所需要的資金和技術,這對於IBM和賽門鐵克來說是個
好消息。另外,Blue Coat、思科、趨勢也將提供安全設備。
5、虛擬安全:隨著服務器和台式機虛擬技術的日益普及,我們在基於
角色的訪問控制、虛擬服務器身份管理、虛擬網絡安全、報告/審計方面需
要更好的安全工具,Citrix、微軟、VMware將具有領先優勢。
6、確保軟件安全:今年,絕大多數惡意攻擊都針對應用軟件而非操作
系統,這將促使軟件公司採用安全的軟件開發規範,例如“開放Web應用安
全項目”或“SANS軟件安全計劃”。
7、安全以信息為中心:企業應當能夠發現和分類機密信息、制定並執
行安全政策。隨著文件系統整合數據丟失預防和企業版權管理技術,這一
趨勢在明年將繼續發展。
8、普遍加密:加密技術已經被“嵌入”在產品中,磁帶驅動器和富士
通、日立、希捷的部分硬盤已經“嵌入”有加密處理器;英特爾明年將發
布一款支持加密的vPro芯片組。明年還將出現多層加密技術。
9、授權管理:認證技術使用戶能夠進入一個網絡內,但授權管理系統
則負責用戶能做什麼或不能做什麼。
10、業務過程安全:業務高管安全更希望通過詳細而簡潔的門戶、報
告和審計系統了解他們管理的業務是否安全,首席執行官會支持業務高管
的這一要求。 Accenture、CSC、惠普等業界巨頭將因此受益。
(本文摘自:國際IT認證網www.itcert.org)
06 元月, 2009 08:53
EMC E20-322 考题
1. A customer is deploying a new Microsoft Exchange environment and has requested assistance with the associated disk design. They are deploying Exchange for 850 users with an average of 3 I/Os per user. They expect a 60% read and 40% write distribution.
The customer would like to know the number of disks required for both RAID 5 and RAID 1/0 DMX configurations with 15k rpm drives. How many disks are required for each configuration type?
A. RAID 5 28 and RAID 1/0 18
B. RAID 5 31 and RAID 1/0 20
C. RAID 5 38 and RAID 1/0 24
D. RAID 5 43 and RAID 1/0 28
Answer: A
2. A customer plans to create two regional offices that are between 800 and 2,000 km away from their main data center. Each regional office will have a data center that will serve four to six branch offices between 30 and 50 km away.
At the close of business each evening the customer will shut down the application and transmit changes to each regional office. The amount of new information sent from the head office each night will vary from 0.5 and 1.5 GB. Later each night, an application at the regional offices will read the data from the head office and generate approximately 50 MB of new rate information appropriate for its branch offices.
What is the most cost-effective EMC solution?
A. 1. Configure CLARiiON arrays in each office.
2. Use MirrorView/A and T3 networks for all data transfers.
B. 1. Configure Symmetrix arrays in the head office and CLARiiONs in the regional offices.
2. Use OC-3 networks to transmit the same master copy of data from the head office to the regional offices using Open Replicator.
3. At the regional offices, create a snap of the data received and transmit the changes to the branch offices using SAN Copy.
C. 1. Configure Symmetrix arrays at all the main data centers and CLARiiONs at the regional and branch offices.
2. Use OC-3 network links between the main data centers.
3. Use DS-3 between the regional and branch offices.
4. Use SRDF/DM for data transfer in each case.
D. 1. Configure Symmetrix arrays at the head office and regional offices.
2. Configure CLARiiONs at the branch offices.
3. Use SRDF/DM and T1 network links between the head office and regional offices.
4. Use Open Replicator incremental offline push to distribute rate information to the branch offices using T1 network links.
Answer: D
3. A customer decided to consolidate their storage onto a Symmetrix. They have a mix of Windows and UNIX servers and want one copy of data for creating backups each night. They also want another copy to be made during the day. This second copy will be a standby to perform a fast recovery in the event of data corruption.
The initial survey of the customer environment shows that the read/write ratio of their application is 1. 2 during the day and 5. 1 at night. The application appears to be highly sensitive to disk response times during the day.
Which initial solution should be considered?
A. TimeFinder/Clones for the standby copy and TimeFinder/Mirror BCVs for backups at night
B. TimeFinder/Snap for the standby copy and TimeFinder/Clone for backups at night
C. TimeFinder/Snap for the standby copy and TimeFinder/Mirror BCVs for backups at night
D. TimeFinder/Mirror BCVs for the standby copy and TimeFinder/Snaps for backups at night
Answer: D
4. A customer has implemented a second Brocade director into their environment. They have moved several hosts and one of their two storage arrays onto the new director. When a large batch cycle was run, the customer experienced queuing on the directors when previously there was none.
The customer discovered the following during their analysis of the issue.
The hosts running the batch cycle used storage from both arrays.
The only LUNs having problems came from the array attached to the new director.
When the batch process was re-run with all LUNs made available through the original director, no problems were encountered.
What would you recommend to solve the performance problem?
A. Add departmental switches to the fabric, creating a core/edge design
B. Change FSPF costs
C. Implement additional Brocade ISLs
D. Utilize Brocade ISL Trunking to optimize the ISL traffic
Answer: D
5. You are designing an EMC ControlCenter solution for a new customer to reduce the overall storage and management costs. The customer would like management and reporting on a variety of hosts and storage systems. All managed objects are located in one data center.
Which factors must you consider when designing an EMC ControlCenter infrastructure?
A. Network firewall type, number of hosts, and total storage capacity
B. Network firewall type, number of IP switches, and number of Fibre Channel switches
C. Network latency, number of Exchange servers, and number of Oracle database
D. Network latency, number of hosts, and number of arrays
Answer: D
6. A customer has a SAN fabric consisting of several MDS-9509s for host to disk array connectivity.
They have purchased a Fibre Channel tape library and want to implement LAN-free backups. You have proposed making a tape VSAN on the existing MDS infrastructure and have recommended that they use QoS so that tape I/O does not use ISL bandwidth at the expense of disk I/O.
Which license is needed on the MDS directors?
A. Enterprise package
B. Fabric Manager Server
C. Storage Services Enabler package
D. Tape Write Acceleration package
Answer: A
7. Using SAN Copy, a source Windows LUN of 100 GB has been copied to a 200 GB target LUN. After assigning the target LUN to the new host and running Disk Administrator to recognize the drive,what must be done to the Windows partition on the new host to see the LUN as 100 GB?
A. Nothing; the partition will be seen as 100 GB immediately
B. Run diskpart and set the partition size to 100 GB
C. Run the diskpar command and set the partition size to 100 GB
D. Run the format command and set the partition size to 100 GB
Answer: A
8. A prospective customer has presented you with multiple applications. All applications have high write activity levels and unpredictable growth patterns. The applications are currently hosted on direct-attached storage in a RAID 1 configuration. They are concerned with making too many
changes at one time in their environment.
The prospect has asked you to justify your recommendation of RAID 1/0 on the CLARiiON configuration you are proposing. How do you respond to the request?
A. RAID 1 has a higher write penalty than RAID 1/0
B. RAID 1 is less flexible for growing LUNs than RAID 1/0
C. RAID 1 is unavailable in current CLARiiON configurations
D. RAID 1 LUNs are unable to utilize write cache
Answer: B
9. After you have a fully replicated copy on the BCVs that contain an Oracle database, which two files need to be incrementally copied in order to have a consistent database?
A. Archive log and redo files
B. Control and archive log files
C. Data and redo files
D. Redo and control files
Answer: D
10. A customer currently manages their DMX environment with symcli within the storage group.
They are instituting a third-shift operations group with minimal symcli experience. Third shift will perform storage tasks such as device creation, device mapping, and LUN masking.
Which solution fits this expanding business requirement and organizational change?
A. StorageScope with StorageScope FLR
B. StorageScope without StorageScope FLR
C. Symmetrix Management Console
D. Symmetrix Manager
Answer: C
11. A customer is using SnapView snapshots for their nightly backups of a database that has several LUNs for data and for logs across both CX3-80 SPs. The SnapView process is scripted to run on the production host; however, the application cannot be quiesced without downtime.
How can the downtime be eliminated while still ensuring a backup that can be restarted?
A. Create the snapshots with separate simultaneous scripts
B. Flush the file systems with admsnap
C. Use consistent SnapView session start
D. Use SnapView consistency groups
Answer: C
12. A customer wants to implement one EMC Disk Library at their primary data center and one EMC Disk Library at their disaster recovery site with IBM Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) as the backup application. A small subset of the primary data needs to be transferred to a disaster recovery site where it will eventually expire without TSM involvement.
What is a recommended feature to use with EMC Disk Library to transfer data to the disaster recovery site?
A. Active Tape Migrator
B. Compression
C. Remote Copy
D. Tape Capacity-on-Demand
Answer: C
13. A Rainfinity administrator is interested in protecting data in the event of an outage. Currently there are two sites approximately 100 miles (160.93 kilometers) apart.
Which configuration option offers the highest level of protection for the administrator?
A. Cluster configuration
B. Fault tolerance
C. Global Name Space
D. Synchronous replication
Answer: D
14. You are working with a customer for whom high availability has become a priority because of recent outages due to single points of failure in their storage infrastructure. Which components are the most appropriate for the design of the SAN?
A. Dual HBAs and full mesh fabric
B. Dual HBAs and mirrored core-edge fabric
C. Single HBAs and full mesh fabric
D. Single HBAs and mirrored core-edge fabric
Answer: B
15. Click the Exhibit button.
A customer is evaluating a Celerra as a NAS solution for their environment. They are concerned about RTO/RPO goals on a disk level and would like to know what features the Celerra offers.
Based on recovery time, what is the correct order that you should present to the customer?
A. Celerra Replicator, Celerra SnapSure, Celerra SRDF/S
B. Celerra Replicator, Celerra SRDF/S, Celerra SnapSure
C. Celerra SnapSure, Celerra Replicator, Celerra SRDF/S
D. Celerra SRDF/S, Celerra Replicator, Celerra SnapSure
Answer: C
16. A customer has a SAN fabric consisting of several MDS-9509s for host to disk array connectivity.
They have purchased a Fibre Channel tape library and want to implement LAN-free backups. You have proposed making a tape VSAN on the existing MDS infrastructure.
The customer is concerned that the additional traffic on the shared ISLs will consume bandwidth needed by the disk VSAN. Which feature should you propose to address the customer's concern?
A. Fibre Channel Compression
B. Fibre Channel Tape Acceleration
C. Port Channeling
D. Quality of Service
Answer: D
17. Click the Exhibit button.
A customer has a network that uses routers and various types of firewalls. The CIO at Executive User Workstation #2 wants to occasionally view the EMC ControlCenter alert status of the environment but does not otherwise want management capabilities.
Which EMC ControlCenter user interface should you recommend to the user?
A. EMC ControlCenter API
B. Java Console
C. StorageScope
D. Web Console
Answer: D
18. A customer is planning to migrate all their high-performance cluster servers from a non-EMC array to a DMX. There will also be a new SAN for the DMX. For migration purposes, one DMX-FA pair will be connected to the non-EMC SAN. The server will be re-cabled to the DMX SAN during the data migration and after coming online, performance must be the same.
Which migration method is appropriate for this project?
A. Host-based mirroring
B. Open Migrator/LM
C. Open Replicator Cold Pull
D. Open Replicator Hot Pull
Answer: C
19. A customer is deploying a new Microsoft Exchange environment and has requested assistance with the associated disk design. They are deploying Exchange for 850 users with an average of 3 I/Os per user. They expect a 60% read and 40% write distribution.
The customer would like to know the number of disks required for both RAID 5 and RAID 1/0 CLARiiON configurations with 10k rpm drives. How many disks are required for each configuration type?
A. RAID 5 28 and RAID 1/0 18
B. RAID 5 31 and RAID 1/0 20
C. RAID 5 38 and RAID 1/0 24
D. RAID 5 43 and RAID 1/0 28
Answer: D
20. A customer requires a low-cost solution that is good for moving data from one Symmetrix to another and does not have a need for disaster recovery. Which solution meets their requirements?
A. SRDF/A
B. SRDF/AR
C. SRDF/CR
D. SRDF/DM
Answer: D
21. A customer is interested in archiving data for a custom-developed application. They currently have no archive platform in place for the information used by this application and are extremely concerned about performance. They would like the archive to be designed with the fastest sustainable long-term performance. There are no regulatory concerns in this environment.
Which EMC Centera design will meet this goal?
A. Dedicated Access Nodes, GM naming scheme, and CPM protection
B. Dedicated Access Nodes, GM naming scheme, and CPP protection
C. Storage on Access Node, M++ naming scheme, and CPM protection
D. Storage on Access Node, M++ naming scheme, and CPP protection
Answer: A
22. A customer currently has an NSX attached to a Symmetrix and would like to discuss disk-based recovery options. They have a design goal that requires a copy of the file system be accessible read/write. This copy is independent of the production file system. In addition, the customer is out of capacity.
What is your recommendation?
A. Use Celerra SnapSure; this feature does not require any additional disks
B. Use Celerra SnapSure; this feature requires additional disk space
C. Use Celerra TimeFinder F/S; this feature does not require any additional disks
D. Use Celerra TimeFinder F/S; this feature requires additional BCVs
Answer: D
23. A customer's network security engineer has attended a lecture on the various security weaknesses of storage protocols. The security engineer is concerned about WWN spoofing attacks against their DMX-3.
Which Symmetrix feature could you discuss that will reduce the customer's concerns?
A. LUN masking
B. Data Migration Estimation Tool
C. Data Migration Solution Selection Tool
D. Data Migration Solutions Guide
Answer: B
24. You have been asked to design a new centralized backup solution for a customer. The customer
sent a list with the number of servers, amount of data, daily change rate, annual growth rate, and information about the backup policy. The customer needs to satisfy their operational restore requests as quickly as possible.
You have decided to design a backup-to-disk solution, directing all backups to disk and then staging the data to tape after operational restore needs are satisfied. In order to define the retention period on disk, what is an important piece of information you will need to analyze?
A. Data mobility requests over time
B. Frequency of restore requests over time
C. Recovery point objective
D. Type of data
Answer: B
25. You must design a backup solution for an existing Celerra NS80 customer. The customer has decided that the expense of expanding their tape hardware infrastructure to support the additional load is not justified because the technology is not reliable and is outdated.
The customer's decision criteria are.
1. Performance
2. Least disruption to the production environment
3. Ease of maintenance
Which alternate solution should you use to back up the Celerra?
A. Add a second NS80 with FC disks and replicate to it
B. Add a second NS80 with SATA disks and replicate it
C. Add FC disks to the NS80 and back up using VTLUs
D. Add SATA disks to the NS80 and back up to disk
Answer: C
26. A customer has a DMX-3 that is replicated using SRDF/A and is experiencing SRDF/A drops due to intermittent network link loss. Which features can be designed into the existing environment to mitigate RPO exposure?
A. Dynamic Cache Partitioning and System Buffer Extension
B. Dynamic write pending ceiling and Symmetrix File System
C. Quality of Service and SRDF Mode Change
D. SRDF/A Transmit Idle and Delta Set Extension
Answer: D
27. One design goal for storage security is to map server access to storage. This is based on the security classification of the data utilized by the particular server. As a best practice, which level of granularity should be used to enforce a particular security access level within a storage device?
A. Disk director port
B. Individual disk device
C. LUN
D. Storage interface port
Answer: C
28. A customer has been running a CX3-40 for the past year to present SAN LUNs. The customer wants to use network shares for a number of clients. You want to propose a new NS40G for the account.
Which information must you have to ensure that the proposed solution will meet the customer's needs?
A. Celerra Heath Check
B. EMCGrab
C. EMCReporte
D. Pre-Upgrade Health Check
Answer: B
29. A customer has a DMX3000 at Headquarters Site X. The customer currently runs two applications on the DMX3000, both of which need to be replicated for disaster recovery (DR) purposes. The customer cannot tolerate any data loss. The first application needs to be replicated to Site Y,
which is 20 miles away. The second application needs to be mirrored to a different site, Site Z, which is 15 miles away.
Which SRDF solution should you suggest?
A. Concurrent SRDF/A to Sites Y and Z
B. Concurrent SRDF/S to Sites X and Z
C. SRDF/S to Site Y and SRDF/DM to Site Z
D. SRDF/S to both sites
Answer: D
30. A customer has just heard about disk drives with built-in encryption capabilities. The customer is very excited about encrypting data at rest on their storage arrays. Their applications process critical data and have high-availability requirements. The customer does not want to modify any of their existing applications to take advantage of encryption capabilities.
Which alternative technology should you propose that will offer the most protection for their data?
A. Cisco Storage Media Encryption
B. Data Loss Protection Suite
C. PowerPath with Encryption
D. RSA File Manager
Answer: C
05 元月, 2009 09:52
1. Which command should you issue first to configure EIGRP for IP?
A. ip eigrp routing
B. router eigrp process-id
C. ip eigrp autonomous-system-number
D. router eigrp autonomous-system-number
Answer: D
2. Which two statements about 6to4 tunneling are accurate? (Choose two.)
A. Prepending a reserved IPv6 code to the hexadecimal representation of 192.168.0.1 facilitates 6to4 tunneling.
B. Each 6to4 site receives a /48 prefix in a 6to4 tunnel.
C. 2002::/48 is the address range specifically assigned to 6to4.
D. Prepending 0x2002 with the IPv4 address creates an IPv6 address that is used in 6to4 tunneling.
E. 6to4 is a manual tunnel method.
Answer: BD
3. Which statement is true about the implementation of IPv6 in an already existing IPv4 network?
A. IPv6 can be routed using the same routing protocol versions as IPv4
B. A router routing for IPv6 and IPv4 must convert IPv4 packets to IPv6 packets to route them.
C. IPv4 and IPv6 networks can be routed simultaneously.
D. Only OSPF version 3 can be utilized for routing IPv4 and IPv6.
Answer: C
4. Refer to the exhibit. Will redistributed RIP routes from OSPF Area 2 be allowed in Area 1?
A. Because Area 1 is an NSSA, redistributed RIP routes will not be allowed.
B. Redistributed RIP routes will be allowed in Area 1 because they will be changed into type 5 LSAs in Area 0 and passed on into Area 1.
C. Because NSSA will discard type 7 LSAs, redistributed RIP routes will not be allowed in Area 1.
D. Redistributed RIP routes will be allowed in Area 1 because they will be changed into type 7 LSAs in Area 0 and passed on into Area 1.
E. RIP routes will be allowed in Area 1 only if they are first redistributed into EIGRP.
Answer: A
5. Refer to the exhibit. Router RTR is attempting to establish BGP neighbor relationships with routers RT1 and RT3. On the basis of the information that is presented in the exhibit, which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
A. RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.1 does not.
B. RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.5 does not.
C. RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.1 has an incorrect password set.
D. RTR has a BGP password set but neighbor 10.0.0.5 has an incorrect password set.
E. Neighbor 10.0.0.1 has a BGP password set but RTR does not.
F. Neighbor 10.0.0.5 has a BGP password set but RTR does not.
Answer: AD
6. Refer to the exhibit. The DHCP configuration that is shown is configured on a Cisco router. Which statement is true?
A. The router will distribute IP addresses from pool 1 until its addresses are exhausted. Then the router will begin distributing addresses from pool 2.
B. The router will choose which pool to use based upon the interface the DHCP request was received on.
C. The configuration is invalid because the DHCP options are global configuration commands.
D. The configuration is incomplete until the DHCP pools are bound to the appropriate interface or interfaces.
Answer: B
7. How is the designated querier elected in IGMPv2?
A. The first router to appear on a subnet is designated.
B. The host that responds first to the election query is designated.
C. The router with the lowest IP address on a subnet is designated.
D. The host with the lowest MAC address on a segment is designated.
Answer: C
8. A router is running BGP and receives more than one route for a particular prefix. Assume all the routes for this prefix have the same attributes. Which three path features would be reasons be for the router to ignore some of the routes and not consider them as candidates for the best path? (Choose three.)
A. paths that are marked as synchronized in the show ip bgp output
B. paths that are marked as not synchronized in the show ip bgp output
C. paths for which the NEXT_HOP is accessible
D. paths for which the NEXT_HOP is inaccessible
E. paths from an external BGP (eBGP) neighbor if the local autonomous system (AS) appears in the AS_PATH
F. paths from an internal BGP (iBGP) neighbor if the local autonomous system (AS) appears in the AS_PATH
Answer: BDE
9. Refer to the exhibit. OSPF has been configured on all routers in the network and Area 1 has been configured as a NSSA. Which statement is true about the NSSA Area 1?
A. Redistributed RIP and IGRP routes will appear in Area 1. They will be advertised via type 5 LSAs.
B. Only redistributed RIP routes will appear in Area 1. They will be advertised via type 7 LSAs.
C. Only redistributed IGRP routes will appear in Area 1. They will be advertised via type 7 LSAs.
D. No redistributed routes can appear in Area 1, only summary routes.
Answer: C
10. Refer to the exhibit. Switch Cat2 is receiving IGMP frames only on interface FastEthernet 0/3. Given IGMP snooping, out of which port or ports will switch Cat2 forward multicast traffic?
A. all ports
B. none of the ports
C. FastEthernet 0/3
D. FastEthernet 0/1, 0/2, 0/4
E. FastEthernet 0/1, 0/2, 0/3, 0/4
F. FastEthernet 0/1, 0/2, 0/4, 0/5, 0/6, 0/7, 0/8
Answer: C
11. An administrator types in the command router ospf 1 and receives the error message: "OSPF process 1 cannot start." (Output is omitted.) What should be done to correctly set up OSPF?
A. Ensure that an interface has been configured with an IP address.
B. Ensure that an interface has been configured with an IP address and is up.
C. Ensure that IP classless is enabled.
D. Ensure that the interfaces can ping their directly connected neighbors.
Answer: B
12. Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the partial configuration, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
A. Only routes matching 10.0.1.0/24 will be advertised out Ethernet 0.
B. Only routes 10.0.1.0/24 will be sent out all interfaces.
C. Only routes 10.0.1.0/24 will be allowed in the routing table.
D. Only routes matching 10.0.0.0/8 will be advertised out Ethernet 0.
E. Only routes matching 10.0.0.0/8 will be advertised out interfaces other than Ethernet 0.
F. All routes will be advertised out interfaces other than Ethernet 0.
Answer: AE
13. Which three statements about the EIGRP routing protocol are true? (Choose three.)
A. EIGRP sends periodic hello packets to the multicast IP address 224.0.0.9.
B. EIGRP sends periodic hello packets to the multicast IP address 224.0.0.10.
C. EIGRP supports five generic packet types, including hello, update, query, reply, and ACK packets.
D. EIGRP supports five generic packet types, including hello, database description (DBD), link-state request (LSR), link-state update (LSU), and LSAck.
E. EIGRP will form a neighbor relationship with another peer even when their K values are mismatched.
F. EIGRP will not form a neighbor relationship with another peer when their K values are mismatched.
Answer: BCF
14. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured DHCP services on the router as shown. DHCP clients connected to the FastEthernet0/0 interface are working properly. DHCP clients connected to the FastEthernet0/1 interface are not receiving addresses. Which two statements contain recommendations that will solve the problem? (Choose two.)
A. The ip helper-address 10.0.0.1 command should be issued so that the address can be added to the FastEthernet0/0 configuration.
B. The ip helper-address 10.0.0.1 command should be issued so that the address can be added to the FastEthernet0/1 configuration.
C. A second DHCP pool for network 10.10.0.0/24 should be configured.
D. The network shown in the output under the ip dhcp pool Central command should be changed to network 10.10.0.0 with a mask of 255.255.255.0.
E. An ip dhcp excluded-address global configuration command for network 10.10.0.0/24 should be issued.
Answer: CE
15. Which two statements are true about the rendezvous point (RP) in a multicast network? (Choose two.)
A. An RP is required only in networks running Protocol Independent Multicast dense mode (PIM DM).
B. An RP is required only in networks running Protocol Independent Multicast sparse mode (PIM SM).
C. An RP is required only in networks running Protocol Independent Multicast sparse-dense mode (PIM-SDM).
D. The multicast sources must register with the RP to form the multicast distribution tree.
E. The multicast receivers must register with the RP to form the multicast distribution tree.
F. To form the multicast distribution tree, the multicast sources register with and the receivers join the RP.
Answer: BF
16. Refer to the exhibit. Given the output of a debug ip mrouting command, which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
A. This router received an IGMP host report from a group member or a PIM join message.
B. The reverse path forwarding (RPF) for the route 224.2.0.1 failed to find the interface on which the multicast packet was received.
C. Multicast route to 10.16.0.0/16 was added to the mroute table and created by a source directly connected to the router.
D. Multicast route to 224.69.15.0/24 was added to the mroute table and created by a source directly connected to the router.
E. The route to 224.69.15.0/24 will be out Ethernet 0.
Answer: AC
17. Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the information presented, which statement is true?
A. A default route is configured on the local router.
B. Network 6.0.0.0/8 was learned from an OSPF neighbor within the area.
C. OSPF router 5.0.0.2 is an ABR.
D. The default route is learned from an OSPF neighbor.
Answer: B
18. Based on the topology shown in the network diagram, what optional EIGRP configurations will be required in order to achieve full connectivity within AS 100?
A. Use the EIGRP no auto-summary command on R1 and R2.
B. Use the EIGRP no auto-summary command on R3 and R4.
C. Use the passive interface on the R1 and R2 interface that connects to the 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.1.2.0/24 subnet respectively.
D. Use the passive interface command between the R3 and R1 connection and between the R3 and R2 connection.
E. Use the variance command on R3.
Answer: A
19. How is authentication handled with OSPFv3?
A. OSPFv3 for IPv6 authentication is supported by SHA-1 authentication.
B. OSPFv3 for IPv6 authentication is supported by MD5 authentication.
C. OSPFv3 for IPv6 authentication is supported by IPv6 Ipsec.
D. OSPFv3 for IPv6 authentication is supported by IPv4 Ipsec.
Answer: C
20. Which three IP multicast group concepts are true? (Choose three.)
A. If a packet is sent to a multicast group address, all members of the multicast group will receive it.
B. If a packet is sent to a multicast group address, the multicast frame contains the source multicast address.
C. A router does not have to be a member of a multicast group to receive multicast data.
D. A router does not have to be a member of a multicast group to send to the group.
E. A router must be a member of a multicast group to receive multicast data.
F. A router must be a member of a multicast group to send to the group.
Answer: ADE
21. Which three IP multicast address related statements are true? (Choose three.)
A. Multicast addresses 224.0.0.0 through 224.0.0.255 are always forwarded because they are transmitted with Time to Live (TTL) greater than 1.
B. Multicast addresses 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 are source multicast addresses for OSPF routers.
C. Multicast addresses 224.0.0.13 and 224.0.0.22 are reserved link-local addresses used by PIMv2 and IGMPv3.
D. Because they would map to overlapping IP multicast MAC addresses, multicast addresses 224.0.1.1 and 238.1.1.1 could not be used together.
E. Multicast address 224.0.1.1 has been reserved for the Network Time Protocol (NTP) by the IANA.
F. The administratively scoped multicast addresses 239.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255 are similar in purpose to RFC 1918 private unicast addresses.
Answer: CEF
22. Which command will display EIGRP packets sent and received, as well as statistics on hello packets, updates, queries, replies, and acknowledgments?
A. debug eigrp packets
B. show ip eigrp traffic
C. debug ip eigrp
D. show ip eigrp interfaces
Answer: B
23. What is the IPv6 address FF02::2 used for?
A. all hosts in a local segment
B. all routers in a local segment
C. all hosts in a particular multicast group
D. all routers in an autonomous system
Answer: B
24. Which three characteristics apply to IS-IS but not to OSPF? (Choose three.)
A. encapsulates PDUs directly into a data-link frame
B. uses a DIS and a backup DIS to present the psuedo-node on the LAN
C. uses stubby areas to improve network scalability
D. uses a default IOS metric of 10 on each interface
E. runs PRC (Partial Route Calculations) to calculate IP reachability information
F. uses an on-demand circuit to reduce the hello and LSA flooding across switched WAN links, such as ISDN
Answer: ADE
25. If no metric is specified for the routes being redistributed into IS-IS, what metric value is assigned to the routes?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 10
D. 20
Answer: A
26. Which two reductions are the correct reductions of the IPv6 address 2001:0d02:0000:0000:0014:0000:0000:0095? (Choose two.)
A. 2001:d02::14::95
B. 2001:0d02:::0014:::0095
C. 2001:0d02:::0014:0:0:0095
D. 2001:d02::14:0:0:95
E. 2001:d02:0:0:14::95
F. FF::0014:0:0:0095
Answer: DE
27. Refer to the exhibit. What will RTB do with a packet sourced from within AS 64200 with a destination address of 192.168.25.1?
A. It will be dropped because network 192.168.25.0 is not in the RTA routing table.
B. It will be dropped because network 192.168.25.0 is not in the RTB routing table.
C. It will be forwarded to the null 0 interface of RTB and dropped.
D. It will be forwarded to the RTB 192.168.25.0 network.
Answer: D
28. Which three statements are correct about the differences in IS-IS and OSPF? (Choose three.)
A. IS-IS LSP contains TLV fields and OSPF LSU contains the LSAs.
B. New additions to the protocol are easily implemented in OSPF but not with IS-IS.
C. For greater fine tuning there are more IS-IS timers.
D. OSPF has more area types than does IS-IS.
E. IS-IS is more CPU-intensive than is OSPF.
Answer: ACD
29. What happens when an IPv6 enabled router running 6to4 must send a packet to a remote destination and the next hop is the address of 2002::/16?
A. The packet is tagged with an IPv6 header and the IPv6 prefix is included.
B. The IPv6 packet is encapsulated in an IPv4 packet using an IPv4 protocol type of 41.
C. The IPv6 packet has its header removed and replaced with an IPv4 header.
D. The IPv6 packet is dropped because that destination is unable to route IPv6 packets.
Answer: B
30. Refer to the exhibit. What is the effect of the distribute-list command in the R1 configuration?
A. R1 will filter only the 172.24.1.0/24 route from the R2 RIP updates.
B. R1 will permit only the 10.0.0.0/24 route in the R2 RIP updates.
C. R1 will filter the 10.1.0.0/24 and the 172.24.1.0/24 routes from the R2 RIP updates.
D. R1 will not filter any routes because there is no exact prefix match.
Answer: C
05 元月, 2009 09:38
1. You are a network administrator at TestInside.com, in order to improve the security of TestInside's switching network , refer to the following options. Which two methods are examples of implementing Layer 2 security on a Cisco switch? (Choose two.)
A. disable trunk negotiation on the switch
B. use only protected Telnet sessions to connect to the Cisco device
C. configure a switch port host where appropriate
D. enable HTTP access to the switch for security troubleshooting
Answer: AC
2. A single 802.11g access point has been configured and installed in the center of a square shaped TestInside office. A few wireless TestInside users are experiencing slow performance and drops while most users are operating at peak efficiency. From the list below, what are three likely causes of this problem? (Choose three)
A. mismatched TKIP encryption
B. null SSID
C. cordless phones
D. mismatched SSID
E. metal file cabinets
F. antenna type or direction
Answer: CEF
3. Refer to the exhibit. The two connected ports on the TIS-S are not turning orange or green. What would be the most effective steps to troubleshoot this physical layer problem? (Choose three.)
A. Ensure that the Ethernet encapsulations match on the interconnected TIS-R and TIS-S ports.
B. Ensure that cables A and B are straight-through cables.
C. Reseat all cables.
D. Ensure the TIS-S has power.
Answer: BCD
4. An administrator is configuring a router that will act as the hub in a Frame Relay hub-and-spoke topology. What is the advantage of using point-to-point subinterfaces instead of a multipoint interface on this router?
A. It avoids split-horizon issues with distance vector routing protocols.
B. Only one IP network address needs to be used to communicate with all the spoke devices.
C. Only a single physical interface is needed with point-to-point subinterfaces, whereas a multipoint interface logically combines multiple physical interfaces.
D. Point-to-point subinterfaces offer greater security compared to a multipoint interface configuration.
Answer: A
5. Refer to the exhibit. What two facts can be determined from the WLAN diagram? (Choose two.)
A. Access points in each cell must be configured to use channel 1.
B. The network diagram represents an extended service set (ESS).
C. The area of overlap of the two cells represents a basic service set (BSS).
D. The area of overlap must be less than 10% of the area to ensure connectivity.
E. The two APs should be configured to operate on different channels.
Answer: BE
6. Refer to the graphic. It has been decided that TIS-workstation1 should be denied access to Server1. Which of the following commands are required to prevent only TIS-workstation1 from accessing Server1 while allowing all other traffic to flow normally? (Choose two.)
A. TIS-RA(config)# interface fa0/0
TIS-RA(config-if)# ip access-group 101 out
B. TIS-RA(config)# interface fa0/0
TIS-RA(config-if)# ip access-group 101 in
C. TIS-RAconfig)# access-list 101 deny ip host 172.16.161.150 host 172.16.162.163
TIS-RA(config)# access-list 101 permit ip any any
D. TIS-RA(config)# access-list 101 deny ip 172.16.161.150 0.0.0.255 172.16.162.163 0.0.0.0
TIS-RA(config)# access-list 101 permit ip any any
Answer: BC
7. If you are a security administrator of the enterprise network ,you will see many different types of attacks that threaten the security of network. Which type of attack is characterized by a flood of packets that are requesting a TCP connection to a server?
A. denial of service
B. Computer Virus
C. reconnaissance
D. Trojan horse
Answer: A
8. How many subnets can be gained by subnetting 172.17.32.0/23 into a /27 mask, and how many usable host addresses will there be per subnet?
A. 8 subnets, 31 hosts
B. 8 subnets, 32 hosts
C. 16 subnets, 30 hosts
D. A Class B address can't be subnetted into the fourth octet.
Answer: C
9. Part of the TestInside WAN is shown below:
TestInside2 configuration exhibit:
TestInside2#show ip route
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected to Fa0/1.1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected to Fa0/1.2
TestInside network administrator has created a new VLAN on TestInside1 and added host TISC and host TISD. This administrator has properly configured switch interfaces FastEthernet0/13 through FastEthernet0/14 to be members of the new VLAN. However, after the network administrator completed the configuration, host TISA could communicate with host TISB, but host TISA could not communicate with host TISC or host TISD. Which commands are required to resolve this problem?
A. TestInside2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1.3
TestInside2(config-if)# encapsulation dot1q 3
TestInside2(config-if)# ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
B. TestInside2 (config)# router rip
TestInside2 (config-router)# network 192.168.5.0
TestInside2 (config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
TestInside2 (config-router)# network 192.168.8.0
C. TestInside1# vlan database
TestInside1 (vlan)# vtp v2-mode
TestInside1 (vlan)# vtp password TestInside
TestInside1 (vlan)# vtp server
D. TestInside1 (config)# interface fastethernet 0/15
TestInside1 (config-if)# switchport mode trunk
TestInside1 (config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Answer: A
10. Given the partial router configuration in the graphic, why does the TIS-PC1 and TIS-PC2 with the IP address 192.168.1.153/28 fail to access the Internet? (Choose two.)
A. The NAT inside interfaces are not configured properly.
B. The NAT outside interface is not configured properly.
C. The router is not properly configured to use the access control list for NAT.
D. The NAT pool is not properly configured to use routable outside addresses.
Answer: AC
11. A TestInside network administrator wants to add a line to an access list that will block only Telnet access by the hosts on subnet 192.168.1.128/28 to the server at 192.168.1.5. What command should be issued to accomplish this task?
A. access-list 101 deny tcp 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.15 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 eq 23
access-list 101 permit ip any any
B. access-list 101 deny tcp 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.240 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 eq 23
access-list 101 permit ip any any
C. access-list 1 deny tcp 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.255 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 eq 21
access-list 1 permit ip any any
D. access-list 1 deny tcp 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.15 host 192.168.1.5 eq 23
access-list 1 permit ip any any
Answer: A
12. Part of the TestInside network is shown below:
In this TestInside network segment,the following ACL was configured on the S0/0 interface of router TestInside2 in the outbound direction:
access-list 101 deny tcp 192.168.15.32 0.0.0.15 any eq telnet
access-list 101 permit ip any any
Which two packets, if routed to the interface, will be denied?(Choose two)
A. source ip address:, 192.168.15.49 destination port: 23
B. source ip address:, 192.168.15.41 destination port: 21
C. source ip address:, 192.168.15.37 destination port: 21
D. source ip address:, 192.168.15.36 destination port: 23
E. source ip address: 192.168.15.46; destination port: 23
Answer: DE
13. What functions do routers perform in a network? (Choose two.)
A. packet switching
B. microsegmentation of broadcast domains
C. path selection
D. VLAN membership assignment
Answer: AC
14. On a network of one TestInside department,there are four PCs connected to a switch,as shown in the following figure:
After the switch TestInside1 restarts, TestInsideA ( the host on the left ) sends the first frame to TestInsideC (the host on the right ).what the first thing should the switch do ?
A. TestInside1 will add 192.168.23.12 to the switching table.
B. TestInside1 will add 192.168.23.4 to the switching table.
C. TestInside1 will add 000A.8A47.E612 to the switching table.
D. TestInside1 will add 000B.DB95.2EE9 to the switching table.
Answer: C
15. Network topology exhibit:
Output exhibit:
C:arp -a
Interface:192.168.1.95 --- 0x2
Internet Address Phycical Address Type
192.168.1.254 00-60-0f-2e-14-c6 dynamic
You work as a network technician at TestInside and you issued the arp -a command from a host named TestInsideA as shown above.
The user of host TestInsideA wants to ping the DSL modem/router at 192.168.1.254. Based on the Host TestInsideA ARP table that is shown in the exhibit, what will host TestInsideA do?
A. send a unicast ARP packet to the DSL modem/router
B. send unicast ICMP packets to the DSL modem/router
C. send Layer 3 broadcast packets to which the DSL modem/router responds
D. send a Layer 2 broadcast that is received by TestInside2, the switch, and the DSL modem/router
Answer: B
16. Study the exhibit carefully. Each of these four TestInside switches has been configured with a hostname, as well as being configured to run RSTP. No other configuration changes have been made. Which switch will have only one forwarding interface?
A. TIS-SA
B. TIS-SB
C. TIS-SC
D. TIS-SD
Answer: B
17. 802.1b is being utilized in the TestInside wireless network. Which spread spectrum technology does the 802.1b standard define for operation in this network?
A. IR
B. DSSS
C. FHSS
D. DSSS and FHSS
E. IR, FHSS, and DSSS
Answer: B
18. Part of the TestInside OSPF network is shown below:
Configuration exhibit:
TestInside1 Routing Commands:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial0/0
router ospf 1
network 172.16.100.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 172.16.100.64 0.0.0.63 area 0
network 172.16.100.128 0.0.0.31 area 0
default-information originate
You work as a network technician at TestInside.com. Study the exhibits carefully.
Assume that all router interfaces are operational and correctly configured. In
addition, assume that OSPF has been correctly configured on Router TestInside2.
How will the default route configured on TestInside1 affect the operation of
TestInside2?
A. Any packet destined for a network that is not directly connected to router TestInside2 will be dropped immediately.
B. Any packet destined for a network that is not directly connected to router TestInside1 will be dropped.
C. Any packet destined for a network that is not directly connected to router TestInside2 will be dropped immediately because of the lack of a gateway on TestInside1.
D. The network directly connected to a router TestInside2 will not be able to communicate with the 172.16.100.0, 172.16.100.28,and 172.16.100.64 subnetworks.
E. Any packet destined for a network that is not referenced in the routing table of router TestInside2 will be directed to TestInside1. TestInside1 will then send that packet back to TestInside2 and a routing loop will occur.
Answer: E
19. Refer to the graphic. Workstation A in the Sales location is communicating with the server in the Production location. What will be the source MAC address of the frames received by workstation A from the server?
A. the MAC address of router interface e0
B. the MAC address of router interface e1
C. the MAC address of the server network interface
D. the MAC address of host A
Answer: A
20. Which one of the following statements is the media access method that Gigabit Ethernet uses?
A. CSMA/CD
B. CSMA/CA
C. token passing
D. point-to-point
Answer: A
21. Part of the TestInside network is shown below:
A host on the LAN is accessing an FTP server across the Internet. Which of the following addresses could appear as a source address for the packets forwarded by the router to the destination server?
A. 10.10.0.1
B. 199.99.9.33
C. 199.99.9.57
D. 200.2.2.17
Answer: C
22. Refer to the topology and configuration information shown in the graphic. The TIS-R1 has been configured to provide communication between the VLANs. Which IOS commands are required to configure switch port fa0/1 to establish a link with router TIS-R1 using the IEEE standard protocol? (Choose three.)
A. Switch(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
B. Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
C. Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
D. Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 1
Answer: ABC
23. The TestInside frame relay network is shown below:
which statement describes DLCI 17?
A. DLCI 17 describes the ISDN circuit between TestInside2 and TestInside3.
B. DLCI 17 describes a PVC on TestInside2. It cannot be used on TestInside3 or TestInside1.
C. DLCI 17 is the Layer 2 address used by TestInside2 to describe a PVC to TestInside3.
D. DLCI 17 describes the dial-up circuit from TestInside2 and TestInside3 to the service provider.
Answer: C
24. It is known that the OSI model has seven layers. Can you tell me at which layers of the OSI model WANs operate? (Choose two.)
A. datalink layer
B. session layer
C. transport layer
D. physical layer
Answer: AD
25. The network security policy requires that only one host be permitted to attach dynamically to each switch interface. If that policy is violated, the interface should shut down. Which two commands the TestInside network administrator must configure on the 2950 Catalyst switch TIS-S1 to meet this policy? (Choose two.)
A. TIS-S1(config-if)# switchport port-security maximum 1
B. TIS-S1(config)# mac-address-table secure
C. TIS-S1(config)# access-list 10 permit ip host
D. TIS-S1(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
E. TIS-S1(config-if)# ip access-group 10
Answer: AD
26. You work as a network technician at TestInside.com. Study the exhibit carefully
Based on the output shown below, what should you do to allow the TestInside workstations connected to the fastethernet0/0 interface to obtain an IP Address?
A. Add an interface description to the FastEthernet 0/0 interface configuration
B. Add access-list 14 permit any any to the access list configuration.
C. Configure the IP address of the FastEtherent 0/0 interface to 10.90.201.1.
D. None of the above.
Answer: C
27. Study the exhibit carefully. NAT has been used for converting all the IP addresses on the internal network to the single address 128.107.1.1 as traffic is routed toward the Internet. Which of these statements accurately describes what will happen when the IP traffic returns from the Internet destined for hosts on the internal network?
A. TIS-ER will require a route to 172.16.0.0/16 in its routing table to properly direct the traffic.
B. TIS-IR will convert the source IP addresses of all packets before forwarding them onto the internal network.
C. TIS-ER will translate the destination IP addresses of all packets before forwarding them to TIS-IR.
D. TIS-ER can use the directly connected interface on the 128.107.1.0/27 network to route return traffic to its originators.
Answer: D
28. Study the exhibit carefully. A TestInside network engineer needs to configure the switches and TIS-R in the graphic so that the hosts in VLAN3 and VLAN4 can communicate with the enterprise server in VLAN2. Which two Ethernet segments would need to be configured as trunk links? (Choose two.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. F
Answer: CD
29. Two TestInside routers are connected as shown below:
TestInside1 configuration exhibit:
TestInside2 configuration exhibit:
Two routers named TestInside1 and TestInside2 are connected by their serial interfaces as shown in the exhibit, but there is no data connectivity between them. The TestInside1 router is known to have a correct configuration. Given the partial configurations shown in the exhibit, what is the problem on the TestInside2 router that is causing the lack of connectivity?
A. A loopback is not set.
B. The IP address is incorrect.
C. The subnet mask is incorrect.
D. The serial line encapsulations are incompatible.
E. The maximum transmission unit (MTU) size is too large.
F. The bandwidth setting is incompatible with the connected interface.
Answer: B
30. Part of the TestInside switched LAN is shown below:
Based on the information show above, which device will provide the spanning-tree designated port role for the TestInside network segment that services the printers?
A. Switch TestInsideA
B. Hub TestInsideE
C. Switch TestInsideC
D. Switch TestInsideB
Answer: C
自治系統中的路由器如何獲得關於本系統內部的網絡的信息呢?在小型的、緩慢變化著的互連網絡中,管理者可以使用手工方式進行路由的建立與修改。管理者保留一張關於網絡的表格,並在有新的網絡加入到該自治系統或從該自治系統刪除一個網絡時,更新該表格。為這樣的互連網絡選路耗費就微不足道,因為任何兩點之間僅有一條路由。管理者可用人工的方式來配置所有的主機和路由器的路由。互連網絡更改狀態(如新增一個網絡)時,管理者重新配置所有機器上的路由。
人工的系統明顯存在缺點,它不能適應網絡的迅速增長或迅速變化。在大型的、迅速變化的環境中,如Internet網,人對情況變化的反應速度太慢,來不及處理問題;必須使用自動機制。採用自動機制還有利於提高可靠性,並對某些路由可變的小型互連網絡中的故障採取反應措施。
增加了路由器R5後使得網絡2和3之間多了一條備用路徑當原有路由出故障時,選路軟件能夠迅速切換到備用路由
對於擁有多個物理路徑的互連網絡體系結構,管理者通常選擇其中一條作為基本路徑。如果該基本路徑上的路由器出故障,就必須改動路由使得通信流量通過備用路由器來傳輸。人工改變路由的方式耗時長而且容易帶來錯誤。因此,即便是小型互連網中,也應使用處動機制來迅速而可靠地改變路由。
為了自動地保存準確的網絡可達信息,內部路由器之間要進行通信,即路由器與可到達的另一個路由器要交換網絡可到達性數據或網絡選路信息。把整個自治系統的可到達信息匯集起來之後,系統中某個路由器就使用EGP把它們通告給另一個自治系統。
內部路由器通信與外部路由器通信的不同之處就是:EGP提供了為外部路由器通信廣泛使用的標準,而內部路由器通信卻沒有一個單獨的標準。造成這種情況的原因之一,就是自治系統的拓撲結構和具體技術的多樣性。另一個原因是結構簡單與功能強大之間的折衷,即易於安裝和配置的協議往往不能提供強大的功能。因此,流行的適用於內部路由器通信的協議有很多種,但多數自治系統只選擇其中一個在內部的來傳播選路信息。
由於沒有單獨的標準,我們使用內部網關協議IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol)作為統稱來描述所有的用於內部路由器之間交換的網絡可達信息及選路信息的算法。例如Butterfly核心路由器構成了一個特定的自治系統,它使用SPREAD作為其內部網關協議IGP。有些自治系統使用EGP來作IGP,不過這對那些由具有廣播功能的局域網組成的小型自治系統沒有多少意義。
IGP1和IGP2分別表示自治系統1和2所使用的內部網關協議。
重要的概念:
一個單個的路由器可以同時使用兩種選路協議,一個用於到自治系統之外的通信,另一個用於自治系統內部的通信。
具體地說,運行EGP通告可達性的路由器,通常還需要運行一種IGP,以便獲得其自治系統內部的信息。
問題分析:以前經常使用Partition Magic進行硬盤分區的合併和拆分操作,沒有出現這種情況,這次可能在合併的過程中導致文件分區表的損壞,所以E盤中的重要的文件無法讀出,而實際上文件內容並沒有損壞,是可以通過其它軟件找回來的。
解決過程:由於Ghost可以將整個硬盤或分區生成一個鏡像文件,而GhostExp可以從鏡像文件中提取裡面的任意文件,因此我們可以通過Ghost.exe和GhostExp.exe這兩個工具找回文件。具體操作如下:
1.將損壞的分區通過Ghost.exe生成一個鏡像文件,保存在其他分區或硬盤中;
2.在Windows下運行GhostExp.exe,打開剛才生成的鏡像文件,可以看見合併前兩個分區的文件一個不少地顯示出來了;
3.選中需要恢復的文件,單擊鼠標右鍵,選擇“Restore”命令,在彈出的對話框中選擇恢復到的位置,再單擊“Restore”即可。
4.重複上述過程,將所有需要的文件全部恢復出來。
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